660 questions 11 and 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

660 questions 11 and 12 - Assignment Example s in exchange to the things of value, such as rewards, praise, resources or avoidance of disciplinary action; so that they move towards achieving the goals of both the leader and followers (Sashkin and Sashkin, 2003). The difficulties and complications associated with the present state of affairs are explained to the followers. Then, the leaders urge the followers’ value system for bringing about the change. Thus, an emotional bond between the two is formed in transformational leadership. Such bondage ensures long term success to the leader. However, transactional leaders do not address such emotional or personal issues of followers, but motivate them to achieve the required goals in return to a reward or in order to avoid punishment. The emotional bondage is missing and is based on the positional power and influence of leader. The efforts of leaders only gain short term benefits (Hughes and Curphy, 2012). Transformational leaders are visionary and are skilled in creating lasting impressions, thus, exhibit certain leadership capabilities. This clear expression or possession of leadership skills is not found in transactional leaders. Transformational leaders also help the followers draw up a link between the solutions to their individual setbacks and the organizational goals. In the course of leadership, the followers are encouraged to actively participate in the transformational processes and empowered to grow into leaders in future. In contrast, though the benefits accorded to followers motivate the latter to improve their performance, the resultant positive energy is not completely employed towards organization in the upcoming period, as the leaders are not skillful and visionary enough to make such an attempt (Hughes and Curphy, 2012). Both transactional and transformational leaders focus on leader and member exchange, be it the things of value in the former case or emotional exchanges in the latter form. Both the forms of leaders appeal to the needs of the

The influnce of Socrates and Plato on ancient philosophy and modern Essay

The influnce of Socrates and Plato on ancient philosophy and modern western philosophy - Essay Example Nonetheless, Socrates was a well-known and contentious personality in ancient Greece. Socrates was a philosopher of ancient Greece who is acknowledged for establishing the basics of modern Western philosophy. Socrates has had a vast influence on ancient Greek or, generally, on Western philosophy, together with apprentices Plato and Aristotle. Even though most of the influence of Socrates is in the field of ethics, his contribution to the discipline of logic and epistemology is notable as well. On the other hand, the contributions of Plato to Western philosophy, such as his most celebrated masterpiece, the Republic, are widely considered as presenting the personal philosophy of Plato, where the primary character effectively represents Plato himself. His contributions merge metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, and moral psychology into a methodical and unified philosophy (Tejera, 1997). This reflective piece will discuss the contributions to and influences of Socrat es and Plato on their own societies and how they perceive and challenge their social realities. This reflective piece will also include the influences of Classical philosophy, specifically of Socrates and Plato, on contemporary philosophy. This reflection will be based on the two videos entitled ‘Ancient Greece: Socrates and Plato’ and ‘Great Books: Plato’s Republic’. ... The Greeks exercised their ingenious potentials to enlighten experience by resorting to architecture, comedy, history, art, and tragedy. However, their artistic potentials were also exercised to ‘create’ philosophy, named the ‘love of wisdom’ (Tejera, 1997). Philosophy, on the whole, emerged when the Greeks realized their discontentment with legendary and mystical accounts of reality. Eventually, Greek philosophers started to think that there was a coherent, rational, or valid order to the universe. Socrates, the most brilliant and righteous citizen of Athens to have ever existed, came out among the Sophists; what can be certain about the life and actual influence of Socrates to his society was that he was noteworthy for being a living example of his own teachings. Asking for no payment, Socrates began and ruled a debate wherever the bright and young would pay attention, and people sought his counsel on issues of educational dilemmas and practical behavior. The young people of Athens gathered to beside him as he traveled the directions of the agora (Taylor, 2000). These Athenian youths adhered to his every teachings and ideals. The influence of Socrates on his society is immeasurable. Plato revered his mentor and was the main biographer of Socrates’s life and influence. The influence of Socrates is evidently proven by the fact that academics are predisposed to separate Greek philosophy into the Pre-Socratic era and the period after Socrates. Socrates looks for the absolute, perpetual, permanent ‘truth’ or ‘reality’ underneath the obvious ironies. The main transformation Socrates set off was the shift of emphasis from nature to human essence. The exploration of Socrates for the ultimate